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波波小说>哲学史-philosophy of history(英文版) > 第1部分(第3页)

第1部分(第3页)

§ 24 The first glance at History convinces us that the actions of men proceed from their needs;

their passions; their characters and talents。

§ 25 Aims; principles; &c。; have a place in our thoughts; but not yet in the sphere of reality。

§ 26 Nothing great in the World has been acplished without passion。

§ 27 A State is powerful; when the private interest of its citizens is one with the mon interest。

§ 28 The universal Idea exists as the substantial totality of things; and as the abstract essence of

free volition。

§ 29 The passions of men are gratified and build up the edifice of human society; for Right and

Order。

§ 30 The agents aims are limited but the agents themselves are intelligent thinking beings。

§ 31 History has to do with those momentous collisions between existing; acknowledged duties;

laws; and rights。

§ 32 The particular aims of great historical men involve those large issues which are the will of the

World…Spirit。。

§ 33 Such individuals had no consciousness of the Idea they were unfolding; but were practical;

political men。

§ 34 They are great men; because they acplished the needs of the age。

§ 35 A World…historical individual is devoted to the One Aim。

§ 36 It is not the Idea that is exposed to danger。 It remains in the background; untouched and

uninjured。 This may be called the cunning of reason。

§ 37 When speaking of the realisation of great ideals by individuals; the subjective element in

them has an infinite right to be consulted。。

§ 38 We must not fall into the Litany of Lamentations; that the good and pious often fare ill in the

world。

§ 39 The means which the World…Spirit uses for realising its Idea involves the activity of personal

existences in whom Reason is present; but still obscure and unknown to them。

___(3) The Embodiment Spirit Assumes — the State

§ 40 What is the material in which the Ideal of Reason is wrought out? … Personality itself … human

desires … Subjectivity generally。

§ 41 The Idea is the inner spring of action; the State is the actually; existing; realised moral life。

§ 42 The first error is that man is free by nature; but that in society; he must limit this natural

freedom。

§ 43 Freedom does not exist as original and natural — it must be first sought out and won。

§ 44 The patriarchal condition is one of transition; its unity not advancing beyond the merely

natural。

§ 45 No law can be valid without the approval of all。

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